The naming of Anwar as prime minister on Thursday brought a temporary end to a chaotic election season that has seen the fall of political titan Mahathir Mohamad, surprising gains by a far-right Islamic party and endless infighting among supposed allies, caused in large part by the conviction of disgraced former prime minister Najib Razak on charges including money laundering and abuse of power.
After consulting with state-level rulers earlier in the day, Malaysia’s king said Thursday afternoon that he had approved the appointment of Anwar as the country’s 10th prime minister, and Anwar was sworn in several hours later. In Malaysia, a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy, the king formally names the head of government.
The appointment, which was contested by some opponents, marks a dramatic comeback for Anwar, 75, an international figure whose political rise, fall and return has spanned generations.
Anwar founded the country’s Reformasi political movement, which has rallied since the 1990s for social justice and equality. He is also well known as a proponent of Muslim democracy, and has previously professed admiration for Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who was once seen as a moderate Democrat. Islam is the state religion in Muslim-majority Malaysia, which has significant economic and security ties with the United States, but other faiths are widely practiced.
A former deputy prime minister under Mahathir, who was later regarded as his bitter rival before they reconciled, Anwar strove for decades to reach the country’s top political post. Along the way, he earned the support and friendship of international leaders such as former U.S. vice president Al Gore. He also served two lengthy stints in prison for sodomy and corruption — convictions that Anwar and his supporters say were politically motivated.
Anwar’s multiethnic reformist coalition Pakatan Harapan (PH), or Alliance of Hope, won 82 seats after last week’s election. The alliance was the largest single bloc, but still several dozen seats shy of the 112 that it needed to form a majority. It raced against Perikatan Nasional (PN), a right-wing coalition that won 73 seats, to persuade voters — as well as the country’s monarch, Sultan Abdullah of Pahang — that it has a mandate to form the next government.
Anwar’s accession was made possible after Barisan Nasional, a conservative coalition that has governed Malaysia for most of its post-independence history, said that it would not participate in a PN-led government. Barisan Nasional won 30 seats in the latest polls, placing it in a kingmaking position.
While Anwar may have proved triumphant, he now faces the steep challenge of uniting the country’s divided electorate, analysts say.
“Polarization [in Malaysia] remains strong,” said Bridget Welsh, a research associate with the University of Nottingham’s Asia Research Institute-Malaysia. While Anwar has a strong image on the world stage, he has a “weak mandate” at home, she said.
Anwar opposes the race-based affirmative action policies that were a hallmark of past Barisan Nasional-led governments. The policies, which favor Malay Muslims, are credited by some analysts for creating a broad-based middle class in the country of 32.5 million. But critics blame the laws for triggering racial animosity, driving young people from Malaysia’s Indian and Chinese minorities out of the country, and engendering systemic corruption.
In the lead-up to the…
Read More: Anwar Ibrahim named Malaysia’s 10th prime minister
